Risk Factors Associated With Multidrug-Resistant Infections in Hospitalized Patients

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections have turned out to be a significant hazard to worldwide health systems, especially in the hospitalized infections where the danger of infections is exceptionally elevated. Pathogens cause these infections that are resistant to various classes of antibiotics and result in failure of treatment, prolonged hospital stay, increased mortality and an increase in healthcare costs. This paper discusses the most prevalent risk factors related to multidrug-resistant infections in hospitalized individuals and the determinants are discussed based on the clinical, environmental, and treatment aspects. The current evidence indicates that long-term hospitalization, antibiotic overuse, invasive medical procedures, immune-compromised states and inadequate practices related to infection control are the main factors leading to MDR infections. Hospitals serve as reservoirs of those pathogens which are resistant to the infection thus sleeping ser ser-transmission to patients and healthcare workers. Also, improper prescribing of antibiotics and absence of antimicrobial stewardship further enhance the development of resistance. The results support the necessity to elaborate on combined intervention measures related to preventing infections, the rational use of antibiotics, and the introduction of a more optimal state of hygiene activities in hospitals to prevent the negative effects of multidrug-resistant infections in the healthcare system.