Molecular Characterization of Drought Tolerance Genes in Indigenous Wheat Varieties of Pakistan

Abstract

One of the biggest limitations to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Pakistan, especially in arid and semi-arid areas is drought stress. Indigenous wheat types have distinct genetic phenotypes which could make them drought tolerant yet the characterization on the molecular level of such phenotypes is incomprehensive. This research study was intended to determine and describe drought tolerance genes in some indigenous wheat varieties through molecular markers and gene-expressions. Sample of leaf of ten types of wheat was taken and DNA extracted and amplified and the levels of real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyzed. Findings showed that there was a wide difference in the presence and expression of genes in different varieties with some landraces showing an increased expression between DREB1 and NAC which could suggest the presence of drought resistance. These results can be used to give valuable information about the genetic foundation of drought tolerance in local wheat germplasm and also indicate potential varieties to be used in breeding programs that can improve drought resistance. The research has a contribution towards sustainable wheat production in water constrained areas in Pakistan.