Academia International Research Journal (Multi Disciplinary)
type: channel
description: Academia International Research Journal (Multidisciplinary) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes original research across a wide range of disciplines, including sciences, social sciences, humanities, and technology. It aims to foster scholarly exchange and promote innovative, high-quality research on a global scale.
publisher: Academia (Private) Limited
language: en
publication name: Academia International Research Journal (Multi Disciplinary)
issn: 3105-5710
items: The Relationship between Mental Health, Technology, and Stress among Youth
items: The Effects of Pollution, Oceans, and Ecosystems on Marine Life
items: The Impact of Cloud Computing, Productivity, and Cost Reduction
items: The Impact of Feminism, Representation, and Society in Modern Literature
items: The Impact of Education, Motivation, and Performance on Student Success
items: Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Software Test Case Generation
items: Learning Styles and Academic Performance: Are Traditional Methods Effective?
items: Corporate Governance Reforms and Market Confidence in Pakistan
items: Digital Activism and Social Change in Contemporary Society
items: Role of AI in Personalized Learning: Opportunities and Challenges
items: Molecular Characterization of Drought Tolerance Genes in Indigenous Wheat Varieties of Pakistan
items: Role of Microfinance Institutions in Poverty Alleviation among Rural Households in Punjab, Pakistan
items: Brain–Computer Interface Innovations for Virtual Reality Interaction
items: Factors Influencing Foreign Portfolio Investment in the Pakistan Stock Exchange: An Empirical Analysis
items: Growth and Challenges of Islamic Banking in Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis with Conventional Banking
items: The Role of Technology in Multidisciplinary Education: Opportunities and Limitations
items: Artificial Intelligence in Social Sciences: Ethics, Economy, and Governance
items: Nanotechnology in Natural Sciences: Applications in Medicine, Environment, and Material Science
items: Interdisciplinary Pedagogy: Bridging STEM, Social Sciences, and Humanities
items: Climate Change and Social Inequality: Policy, Economics, and Social Justice
items: Innovations in Applied Medicine: Integrating Technology and Clinical Practice for Improved Patient Outcomes
items: The Role of Biomarkers in Translational Research for Neurodegenerative Disorders
items: The Application of Robotics in Minimally Invasive Surgery
items: Gene Therapy in Rare Diseases: Clinical and Translational Perspectives
items: Precision Medicine in Translational Health: Bridging Genomics and Clinical Practice

The Relationship between Mental Health, Technology, and Stress among Youth
type: item
description: The dynamism and boom of digital technology have significantly transformed the social and psychological life of youth and have brought serious questions concerning the role of digital technology and its impact on the mental health and stress. In this paper, it is explained why technology use and mental health are in a correlation as stress among the youth. Despite the opportunity of communication, learning, and access to mental health, overuse, and misuse of online platforms have been related to high-levels of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Some of the primary causative factors are social comparison, cyberbullying, fear of missing out (FOMO) and sleep disorders due to too much screen time. In the meantime, technology can also be one of the ways of realizing mental health help, which may be online counseling, peer networks, awareness campaigns. The proposed research would utilize a wide perspective which would help explore both the adverse and favorable aspects of the use of technology and its role in stress and mental health behaviors. The findings highlight the necessity of a balanced digital communication and establishment of effective interventions to mitigate the risk and enhance the benefits of technologies. This complex connection is to be interpreted in a bid to prolong mental health among youths in the era of the internet.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Technology use
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental health
  topic: keywords
subject: Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: Depression
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Palwasha Nasir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Palwasha Nasir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 55
ending page: 68
doi: 10.63056/airj.2.1.2026.1840

The Effects of Pollution, Oceans, and Ecosystems on Marine Life
type: item
description: Oceans have been of significance to the global biodiversity and stability of the ecosystems, yet they are increasingly being challenged by pollution, ocean change and degradation of the ecosystem. This study conducts research on how the above factors influence marine ecosystems using the descriptive and analytical approach with reference to secondary information formulated in scientific articles and world environmental evaluation. Based on the findings, pollution, particularly plastic materials, chemical contamination and oil spills have a significant effect on marine organisms in terms of ingestion, toxicity, and degradation of habitats. Climate-induced changes in the ocean (warming and acidification) also increase the severity of coral bleaching, species changes and disturbances in the food web. Habitat loss, including coral reefs, mangroves, and the degradation of seagrass meadow contributes to the increased loss of biodiversity and lessens the resilience of the ecosystem. The study reveals that these aspects are interrelated and they enhance degradation of marine environment. Conservation and environment policies (including marine parks) have been successful to some extent but that is not sufficient to counter the increasing pace of environmental degradation. The study proposed that a holistic measure, encompassing pollution protection, climate change resilience, restoration, and sustainability of habitats and resources are to be adopted in order to ensure the integrity of marine biodiversity and healthy ecologies of the oceans in the future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Marines
  topic: keywords
subject: Marine pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Marine ecosystem
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Oceans biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Marine plastic pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Ocean conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Acidification of oceans
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Adil
creator: Muhammad Ishfaq Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Adil, Muhammad Ishfaq Abbas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-11
publication date: 2026-03-11
starting page: 41
ending page: 54
doi: 10.63056/airj.2.1.2026.1839

The Impact of Cloud Computing, Productivity, and Cost Reduction
type: item
description: Cloud computing has become a paradigm shift technology that profoundly affects the performance of organizations by increasing productivity and is less costly to operate. This research looks at how adoption of cloud computing has contributed to an improvement in productivity and cost efficiency among contemporary organizations. The fast movement towards digital transformation has stimulated businesses to move towards cloud-based solutions to facilitate operation, enhance teamwork, and better use of resources. This research project investigates the role of cloud computing services like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) in promoting organizational productivity at a minimal capital and operational cost through a quantitative research methodology. The results imply that cloud computing can provide more than mere scalability and flexibility, cost reductions due to less IT infrastructure investment and maintenance expenses. Moreover, the work identifies a contribution of the cloud technology to enhancing efficiency of the workflow, access to data, and the capacity to innovate. The findings offer useful insights to organisations that want to embrace cloud solutions in order to achieve sustainable growth and competitive advantage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cloud Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost Reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: SaaS
  topic: keywords
subject: IaaS
  topic: keywords
subject: PaaS
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: IT Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Business Innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniyal zaheer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Daniyal zaheer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
starting page: 27
ending page: 39
doi: 10.63056/airj.2.1.2026.1838

The Impact of Feminism, Representation, and Society in Modern Literature
type: item
description: This qualitative research paper will examine the influences of feminism, representation and society in contemporary literature. It discusses the ways of how modern literary texts are subjected to feminist ideology, discuss traditional gender roles, and add varied social identity. The paper dwells upon the role of literature as a social critique and transformation mechanism through providing a voice to the downtrodden groups of people, especially women. By using textual and thematic analysis of the chosen works of modern literature, the study demonstrates how fiction has been influenced by feminist attitudinal mode to the literatures and reshape themes, character development and construction, and narratives. The results imply that the current literary phenomenon is turning some more intersectional feminist. Modern literary works are more about gender inequality, identity politics, patriarchy, and cultural limitations. In addition, the paper highlights that literary representation is an important aspect of influencing social perceptions and fostering social awareness in the society. On the whole, this study finds out that the modern literature does not only reflect society, it actively tries to reinvent the gender standards and advance the feminist discourse.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Feminism
  topic: keywords
subject: Representation
  topic: keywords
subject: Modern Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Roles
  topic: keywords
subject: Society
  topic: keywords
subject: Patronage
  topic: keywords
subject: Intersectionality
  topic: keywords
subject: Literary Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Kainat Siddique Mughal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kainat Siddique Mughal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
starting page: 11
ending page: 25
doi: 10.63056/airj.2.1.2026.1836

The Impact of Education, Motivation, and Performance on Student Success
type: item
description: This research explores how the quality of education, student motivation and student performance affect student success in university students in Lahore Pakistan. The research design was a quantitative study that analyzed the primary data of 250 students based on a designed questionnaire which included Likert-scale items. The viability was tested with the help of Cronbach alpha and data centered on the descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS 24. Findings indicated that there were significant positive correlations among all the variables. Quality of education ( 0.341 ), motivation of students ( 0.412 ) and academic performance ( 0.298 ) were found to be strong predictors of student success. The model fit of SEM were found to be satisfactory (CFI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.047). This has significant implications to academic policymakers and university administrators who aspire to make students succeed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: The quality of education
  topic: keywords
subject: student motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: academic results
  topic: keywords
subject: student success
  topic: keywords
subject: SEM
  topic: keywords
subject: Lahore university
  topic: keywords
creator: Iqra Shehbaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Iqra Shehbaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-13
publication date: 2026-01-13
starting page: 01
ending page: 10
doi: 10.63056/airj.2.1.2026.1835

Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Software Test Case Generation
type: item
description: Software testing represents a very important stage of the software development cycle, as it requires reliability, correctness and strong performance of programs. The classical software testing methods tend to use either hand crafted test cases, or automated test generation methods that are based on heuristics, which may be time-intensive, prone to errors and ineffective when dealing with complex software systems. The field of artificial intelligence, in particular reinforcement learning (RL) has become a promising method in the field of adaptive and intelligent test case generation where agents are trained to find the most optimal testing strategies by interacting with software environments. Framing software testing as a series of sequential decisions RL facilitates automatic, high-coverage, fault revealing test cases, which dynamically evolve with software behavior. This paper examines how reinforcement learning can be used to conduct software testing with focus on how it can also be used to improve test coverage, fault detection rates and automation in software quality testing. The study summarizes the existing procedures such as deep reinforcement learning, Q- Learning, and policy gradient procedures, and presents their roles in adaptive test case generation in contemporary software systems. The results are that, the RL-based methods have been shown to be better than traditional test generation methods based on statical means as they intelligently explore the input spaces and give high priorities to the critical test scenarios. The paper finds that RL methods incorporated into program evaluation systems can ensure a significant decrease in manual labor, enhance the rate of fault detection, and facilitate the creation of high-quality and resistant software system development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reinforcement Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Software testing
  topic: keywords
subject: test case generation
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptive testing
  topic: keywords
subject: deep reinforcement learning
  topic: keywords
subject: automated software quality assurance
  topic: keywords
subject: intelligent test generation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dur-E- Adan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dur-E- Adan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
starting page: 57
ending page: 69
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.4.2025.1619

Learning Styles and Academic Performance: Are Traditional Methods Effective?
type: item
description: This study aimed at exploring the connection between the learning styles of students and their academic performance and also to determine whether the traditional form of teaching method is still effective in higher education. The quantitative research design was chosen, and the sample population comprised of 300 undergraduate students who were sampled by using a structured questionnaire, and 6 universities situated in Lahore were considered, three of which were public and three were private universities. It was a questionnaire designed in the VARK learning style framework and assessed the student preference of the visual, auditory, reading/writing and kinesthetic learning style, as well as their view of the traditional teaching approach based on lectures. The data were examined based on the descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Achieving the results meant some learning styles which were most popular among the students were the kinesthetic and visual learning styles. The reliability test ensured the internal consistency of the scales of measurement. The findings of correlation revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between learning styles and academic performance, whereas traditional instructional strategies had moderate correlation with academic performance of students. Moreover, the structural equation modeling findings showed that the learning styles affected the academic performance more than the traditional teaching styles. The results indicate that despite traditional lecture-based teaching being practical in imparting theoretical knowledge, the combination of various and interactive instructional techniques could be effective in improving student interest and academic performance. The research points out the need to embrace flexible teaching methods to suit various learning styles in institutions of higher learning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: learning styles
  topic: keywords
subject: academic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional ways of teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: VARK model
  topic: keywords
subject: student learning
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching practices
  topic: keywords
creator: Iram Naeem
creator: Saima Altaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iram Naeem, Saima Altaf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23
starting page: 41
ending page: 55
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.4.2025.1617

Corporate Governance Reforms and Market Confidence in Pakistan
type: item
description: The reformation of company governance is typically recounted as one of the number one gear of improving economic balance and regaining investor self assurance in rising markets. In Pakistan, the reasons of low capital marketplace credibility withinside the beyond have been possession concentration, terrible disclosure practices and regulatory inefficiencies. These had been answered to with the aid of using the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan via way of means of introducing complete reforms thru the Code of Corporate Governance and revising it drastically in 2002, 2012, and 2017 to enhance the independence of boards, transparency, and safety of minority shareholders. These reforms had commonly been congruent to the standards of worldwide governance advanced with the aid of using the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development which imply the willingness of Pakistan to decorate the exceptional of establishments and regulatory observance. Based at the employer idea and the stakeholder concept, this paper will study the effect of governance reforms at the self assurance withinside the marketplace thru the minimization of records asymmetry and elevated responsibility levels. The outcomes suggest that right enforcement of regulations, higher disclosure provisions, and higher board designs play a primary position in growing investor self assurance and the overall overall performance of the marketplace in Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Market Confidence
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Investor Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulatory Reforms
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan Stock Exchange
  topic: keywords
subject: Transparency
  topic: keywords
subject: SECP
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Jahanzaib Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Jahanzaib Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-14
publication date: 2025-11-14
starting page: 27
ending page: 39
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.4.2025.1616

Digital Activism and Social Change in Contemporary Society
type: item
description: In the modern society, digital activism has become an important instrument of civic engagement and social change. This paper has analyzed the connection between the involvement in online activism campaigns and the perceived social change effect among the young adults in Islamabad, Pakistan. Quantitative cross-sectional survey was studied with a sample of 250 respondents that had actively participated in online campaigns in the last three months. Data were collected with the help of a structured online survey and analyzed with the assistance of descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that there are a great amount of online activity, sharing content, posting messages, and engaging in hashtag campaigns being the more frequent. Findings revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between the digital activism engagement and perceived social change, and SEM substantiated the affirmative fact that online mobilization strongly predicted perceived effect on social awareness, offline mobilization, and policy advocacy. These results underscore the radicalized nature of the digital platform in increasing civic engagement, raising voices, and encouraging social transformation. The work also emphasizes the need to integrate online interaction with offline policies in order to have realistic results.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Online politicking
  topic: keywords
subject: Social movements
  topic: keywords
subject: E-activism
  topic: keywords
subject: Civic action
  topic: keywords
subject: Social media campaigns
  topic: keywords
subject: Networked protest
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived influence
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamabad
  topic: keywords
creator: Daniyal Zaheer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Daniyal Zaheer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-20
publication date: 2025-10-20
starting page: 13
ending page: 25
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.4.2025.1615

Role of AI in Personalized Learning: Opportunities and Challenges
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a developing transformative electricity withinside the discipline of training, permitting one to enjoy a studying method this is specific and primarily based totally at the desires of a specific scholar. This paper examines the blessings of AI withinside the discipline of enhancing mastering consequences, locating the principle possibilities and dangers associated with the implementation of AI. Intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive gaining knowledge of platforms, and predictive analytics are examples of AI-pushed gadgets that may be used to manage real-time assessment of learner outcomes, offer custom designed content, and provide suggestions. Although those advantages exist, college students have additionally confronted a few pitfalls to AI implementation in training which consist of records privacy, set of rules bias, access, and trainer schooling. This examine illuminates the methods wherein AI may be applied to maximise studying reports and decorate scholar engagement and adaptive academic approaches, in addition to warns stakeholders approximately the capability to move unethical, social, and technological problems via way of means of thinking about latest literature when you consider that 2010 to 2024. The effects provide insights to teachers, policymakers, and era builders who intention to make the pleasant use of AI withinside the placing of customized getting to know.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI
  topic: keywords
subject: customized learning
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptive learning
  topic: keywords
subject: intelligent tutoring systems
  topic: keywords
subject: education technology
  topic: keywords
subject: student engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: learning analytics
  topic: keywords
subject: ethical issues
  topic: keywords
creator: Atiqa Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Atiqa Iqbal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-06
publication date: 2025-10-06
starting page: 01
ending page: 11
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.4.2025.1614

Molecular Characterization of Drought Tolerance Genes in Indigenous Wheat Varieties of Pakistan
type: item
description: One of the biggest limitations to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Pakistan, especially in arid and semi-arid areas is drought stress. Indigenous wheat types have distinct genetic phenotypes which could make them drought tolerant yet the characterization on the molecular level of such phenotypes is incomprehensive. This research study was intended to determine and describe drought tolerance genes in some indigenous wheat varieties through molecular markers and gene-expressions. Sample of leaf of ten types of wheat was taken and DNA extracted and amplified and the levels of real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyzed. Findings showed that there was a wide difference in the presence and expression of genes in different varieties with some landraces showing an increased expression between DREB1 and NAC which could suggest the presence of drought resistance. These results can be used to give valuable information about the genetic foundation of drought tolerance in local wheat germplasm and also indicate potential varieties to be used in breeding programs that can improve drought resistance. The research has a contribution towards sustainable wheat production in water constrained areas in Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pakistan Drought resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: native wheat
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular
  topic: keywords
subject: gene expression
  topic: keywords
subject: DREB1
  topic: keywords
subject: NAC
  topic: keywords
subject: HSP70
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Saad Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Saad Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-22
publication date: 2025-09-22
starting page: 53
ending page: 63
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.3.2025.1104

Role of Microfinance Institutions in Poverty Alleviation among Rural Households in Punjab, Pakistan
type: item
description: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have become a significant instrument in poverty alleviation in developing nations because they offer financial services to poor households that are not part of the formal banking institutions. Poverty continues to be a factor in Pakistan, especially in rural areas of Punjab like Dera Ghazi Khan (DG Khan) because of the unavailability of credit, low productivity of agricultural activities, and unavailability of livelihoods. In this study, the researcher examines the impact of MFIs in reducing poverty among rural families in DG Khan District. Based on a mixed-method approach, the study will discuss the role of microcredit, micro-saving, and micro-insurance in affecting household income, consumption, asset accumulation, and empowerment of women. The research incorporates in-text citations as a means of illustrating the available academic controversy and problems in microfinance. Results indicate that MFIs have positive impacts on poverty reduction, but issues like excessive interest, low outreach and misuse of loans undermine its effect. The study offers policy implications to policy makers and development practitioners in search of more viable poverty alleviation interventions in the rural Punjab.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Poverty Alleviation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Households
  topic: keywords
subject: Microfinance Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: DG Khan
  topic: keywords
subject: Punjab
  topic: keywords
subject: Microcredit
  topic: keywords
subject: Livelihoods
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Shazia Khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shazia Khalid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-05
publication date: 2025-09-05
starting page: 39
ending page: 52
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.3.2025.1103

Brain–Computer Interface Innovations for Virtual Reality Interaction
type: item
description: The technology of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) provides a revolutionary approach to the idea of direct communication between the human brain and other devices, and it has a great potential to improve virtual reality (VR) experiences. BCIs can be used to interpret neural signals, enabling users to control VR through interaction without any standard input device, enabling users to have a highly immersive and intuitive control (Lebedev and Nicolelis, 2006). As of 2012, there is a wide range of new technologies in non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) and invasive neural recording methods, greatly enhancing the accuracy and responsiveness of BCIs in VR applications, including gaming, education, rehabilitation, and assistive technologies (Wolpaw et al., 2002; Nicolas-Alonso and Gomez-Gil, 2012). The present study focuses on the recent developments in the BCI hardware and signal processing algorithms, such as machine learning-based neural decoding and adaptive calibration algorithms to maximize VR interaction. The research design includes a literature review, which will be conducted systematically, a set of simulations which will execute BCI-controlled VR activities, and the evaluation of user performance and experience indicators. The results indicate that the BCI integration would contribute greatly to immersion, efficiency, and accessibility of VR, but there are still issues associated with the reliability of signals, computational burden, and individual differences in neural reaction. The research gives the suggestions of the future research directions, which is multi-modal sensory integration, hybrid BCI systems, and adaptive interfaces to the realization of more natural and efficient VR interactions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Brain-Computer interface
  topic: keywords
subject: Virtual Reality
  topic: keywords
subject: EEG
  topic: keywords
subject: Neural Decoding
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Immersive Interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurofeedback
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-Computer Interaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Amir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Amir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-17
publication date: 2025-08-17
starting page: 27
ending page: 37
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.3.2025.1102

Factors Influencing Foreign Portfolio Investment in the Pakistan Stock Exchange: An Empirical Analysis
type: item
description: Foreign portfolio investment (FPI) is an important factor to consider in terms of the growth and stability of the emerging financial markets such as in Pakistan. FPI inflows have effects on stock market liquidity, asset pricing as well as economic growth in general. In the current paper, the authors explore the drivers of FPI in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) by examining the economic, financial, and institutional drivers in the past ten years. Such important variables that are taken into account are market capitalization, liquidity, inflation, exchange rate volatility, interest rates, and political stability. The current research utilizes multiple regression analysis to compute the effect of these variables on FPI inflows using secondary data of PSX, State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), and World Bank databases. Findings reveal that the liquidity of the market, a stable exchange rate, and good macroeconomic performance are the main things that appeal to any foreign portfolio investor whereas political instabilities and high inflation tend to discourage investments. This empirical study gives actionable information to policy makers and market participants to enhance the state of investment and generate sustainable capital inflows in Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Foreign Portfolio Investment
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan Stock Exchange
  topic: keywords
subject: Market Liquidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Exchange rate
  topic: keywords
subject: political stability
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflation
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Muzammil Asghar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Muzammil Asghar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-20
publication date: 2025-07-20
starting page: 15
ending page: 26
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.3.2025.1101

Growth and Challenges of Islamic Banking in Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis with Conventional Banking
type: item
description: Islamic banking is considered to be one of the booming branches of the Pakistani financial system owing to the growing demand of the people towards Shariah compliant financial services, government backing as well as the rapid institutionalization. In this paper, the research will focus on the growth trend of the Islamic banking in Pakistan and compare its performance, customer image, the regulatory environment, and the operational issue with that of conventional banking. Through qualitative review of secondary data, the paper brings out the fact that Islamic banks have registered high asset growth, market share, and financial inclusion than was the case in earlier decades. Nevertheless, the problem of a limited product diversification, lack of Shariah-qualified professionals, increased operational expenses, and misconceptions among the people still limit the full potential of this. The comparison analysis shows that Islamic banking may prove to be more resilient and attractive, but conventional banks are more dominant because of better infrastructure and broader coverage. The paper ends with a conclusion and recommendations on how the regulatory support can be empowered, human capital boosted and consumer awareness can be enhanced to ensure sustainable growth of Islamic banking in Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Banking
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Shariah Banking
  topic: keywords
subject: Shariah Compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan Banking Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulation System
  topic: keywords
subject: Problems
  topic: keywords
creator: Naseer ul Haq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Naseer ul Haq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-05
publication date: 2025-07-05
starting page: 01
ending page: 14
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.3.2025.1100

The Role of Technology in Multidisciplinary Education: Opportunities and Limitations
type: item
description: Era fast becoming part of pedagogy has transformed the terrain of multidisciplinary education, which promotes interdisciplinary cooperation among the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines, social sciences and arts. By bridging disciplinary divides, era enables new pedagogic forms, knowledge flows, and problem-solving processes. This report examines potentialities and challenges of generation in multidisciplinary learning, namely concerning virtual architectures, artificial intelligence, digital reality, and on line collaborative facilities. Drawing from existing theory, case histories, and literature, the observer demonstrates how generation imposes accessibility, innovation, and required thinking as well as discloses challenges such as virtual divides, pedagogical gaps, and fairness issues. The. results confirm that while era. offers unprecedented chances for remodelling teacher models, its challenges must be. confronted cautiously through coverage reforms,. inclusive tactics, and sustainable tactics. Last but not least, the. research. assists in understanding how era can effectively influence. multidisciplinary approaches to schooling and introduce beginners to complicated, interrelated global issues.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: multidisciplinary training
  topic: keywords
subject: pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: STEM
  topic: keywords
subject: social sciences
  topic: keywords
subject: humanities
  topic: keywords
subject: possibilities
  topic: keywords
subject: boundaries
  topic: keywords
subject: virtual divide
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Faisal Ishaque
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Faisal Ishaque (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 65
ending page: 80
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.2.2025.672

Artificial Intelligence in Social Sciences: Ethics, Economy, and Governance
type: item
description: The Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now a paradigm-transferring entity in greater than a unmarried area, and the social sciences aren't exceptions, as it's far dramatically converting the method of research, the machine of governance, the monetary gadget, and the moral paradigm. As algorithms are taking on increasingly of the human interaction, insurance selection, and resource allocation, their presence in social technology opens up deep questions of fairness, responsibility, and inclusivity. The paper explores the interdisciplinary intersection among AI and social sciences, in regards to a few essential domains: ethics, economy, and governance. The article is constructed on theoretical insights and empirical proof that seeks to apprehend how AI-pushed device have an effect on social inequality, financial structures and the way it affects at the formation of public policies. The assessment factors on the opportunities, together with efficiency, predictive knowing, and progressed government, in addition to threats, which includes algorithmic prejudice, surveillance, and displacement of jobs. The article in addition examines case research on international degrees that gift disparities withinside the adoption of AI in advanced and rising areas. Finally, it proposes the regulations of future that are involved with moral designs of AI, equitable monetary integration, and inclusive governance approaches. This interdisciplinary method targets at making the contribution to a greater complete interpretation of results of AI to society and guide sustainable making of policies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: social sciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Algorithmic Bias
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Inequality
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Usman Tariq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Usman Tariq (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 51
ending page: 64
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.2.2025.671

Nanotechnology in Natural Sciences: Applications in Medicine, Environment, and Material Science
type: item
description: The field of nanotechnology which is the manipulation of be counted on the nanoscale (1-one hundred nanometers) has become a revolutionary force in the whole herbal sciences. Nanotechnology can help in improvements across disciplinary boundaries because it incorporates the standards of physics, chemistry, biology, and substances technology. This research paper discusses the complex bundles of nanotechnology in medicine, environmental technology and substances engineering, focusing on each of its opportunities and situations of inherent demand. Within the medical field, nanotechnology has been applied in the delivery of treatment targeted therapy, diagnostics, regenerative medicine and nanoscale biosensors. The environmental packages include water purification, air pollution, naive energy and sustainable agriculture. Nanotechnology, in the fabric technology has transformed the enhancement of light-weight composites, intelligent materials, and nanoelectronics. Regardless of this potential, nanotechnology raises large moral, safety and regulatory concerns with regard to toxicity, environmental hazards and fair access to. This article contends that nanotechnology is one of the key convergence aspects within the herbal sciences, development in that it requires careful interdisciplinary regulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Sciences
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Material Science
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanomedicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanomaterials
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Nanoelectronics
  topic: keywords
subject: Interdisciplinary Research
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ayesha Siddiqui
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Ayesha Siddiqui (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 49
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.2.2025.670

Interdisciplinary Pedagogy: Bridging STEM, Social Sciences, and Humanities
type: item
description: Interdisciplinary pedagogy is now becoming a form of revolution in training that connects the common divided domain names of the technological know-how, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) with the social sciences and arts. The integrative framework concentrates on the interrelatedness of information structures, where the critical questioning, creativity, problem-solving, and holistic mastering are essential. Whereas standard schooling styles periodically separate disciplines, interdisciplinary pedagogy that requires circumstances to provoke this separation requires building up major synergies across the boundaries of the educational realm. Based on ancient examples, theoretical approaches, and recent case studies, this paper will discuss the ability of interdisciplinary coaching to tame well-rounded rookies who are ready to face global challenging scenarios such as weather change, virtual change, and social inequalities. The research survey also examines institutional, pedagogical, and coverage impediments that prevent interdisciplinary integration, as well as identifies destiny opportunities by utilizing technological innovation, global networks, and academic reformation. Interdisciplinary pedagogy offers a robust foundation of nurturing the future technology of newbies who can negotiate complexity and employ social innovation by facilitating the intersection of STEM and social sciences and arts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: interdisciplinary pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: STEM training
  topic: keywords
subject: social sciences
  topic: keywords
subject: humanities
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative getting to know
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: better training
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Amna Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Amna Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 31
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.2.2025.669

Climate Change and Social Inequality: Policy, Economics, and Social Justice
type: item
description: Climate alternate is one of the most immediate global emergent crisis problems of the twenty-first century that produce substantial environmental, monetary, and social impacts. Its affects are even now no longer dispensed in a similar manner, although universally. The burden of weather-related hazards is disproportionately borne by the marginalized groups (particularly in low-profit countries), indigenous populations, and concrete negative neighborhoods. This research paper analyzes the overlap of the weather alternate and social inequality through the coverage, economics and social justice perspectives. It uses interdisciplinary literature to understand the role that structural inequities, which incorporate poverty, disparity of sexes, and vulnerability of geographic location, play in severing weather-related risks. It also explores how weather policies and financial trends can also further unwillingly contribute to inequality in case they are no longer formulated with respect to fairness. Case studies highlight the lived in reviews of inclined entrepreneurs and the insufficiency of state-of-the-art version and mitigation strategies. Finally, the object posits that objectively weather extrade is not necessarily merely a disaster in the environment but also a deep social justice challenge that demands coverage interventions that are based on fairness, inclusivity and sustainability. This examination highlights the necessity of radical solutions that emphasize equity, engagement, and accountability when it comes to global weather regulation by placing weather justice within a wider monetary and political construct.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: weather alternate
  topic: keywords
subject: social inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: social justice
  topic: keywords
subject: weather coverage
  topic: keywords
subject: economics
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental justice
  topic: keywords
subject: vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: model
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Zara Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Zara Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 01
ending page: 16
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.2.2025.668

Innovations in Applied Medicine: Integrating Technology and Clinical Practice for Improved Patient Outcomes
type: item
description: In the past decade, applied medicine has truly transformed, owing to speedy tech developments and evolving patient demands. This field synergizes fundamental medical science with practical application, increasingly relying on digital health platforms, wearable technology, and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance diagnostics, refine treatments, and provide more individualized care. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the deployment of these technologies, compelling healthcare systems to reimagine how they provide care within hospitals and clinics.This research examines the incorporation of contemporary tech into clinical practices, with emphasis on its effects on chronic disease management, telemedicine, and preventive care measures. We applied a combination of methodologies, such as literature reviews, observational evidence, and clinical case studies, to assess how these applied medicine interventions work for different populations. We found substantial improvements in patient participation, therapy compliance, and overall healthcare effectiveness, particularly for diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseasesHowever, there are still obstacles to be overcome. Digital inequalities, lack of standards for protocols, and privacy issues prevent us from fully capitalizing on technology in medicine. And besides, training the healthcare practitioners in the use of these new tools calls for a huge effort. Finally, this article emphasizes the need to develop inclusive, evidence-based models to steer the effective and ethical use of medical technologies. Only in this way can applied medicine become a discipline that not only treats disease but also foretells and prevents it, eventually changing the course of healthcare delivery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Applied Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Wearable Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Telemedicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic Disease Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Preventive Care
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Fahad Rehman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Fahad Rehman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 71
ending page: 87
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.1.2025.612

The Role of Biomarkers in Translational Research for Neurodegenerative Disorders
type: item
description: Neurodegenerative issues, which includes Alzheimer’s sickness (AD), Parkinson’s ailment (PD), Huntington’s disorder (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), constitute a vast worldwide fitness burden because of their progressive, irreversible nature and absence of healing treatments. Translational studies, which bridges essential laboratory discoveries and medical applications, performs a pivotal position in accelerating the improvement of diagnostics and therapeutics for those situations. Biomarkers—measurable organic signs of regular or pathological processes—are an increasing number of diagnosed as important equipment on this continuum, allowing early analysis, sickness tracking, healing stratification, and remedy efficacy assessment. This paper explores the multifaceted function of biomarkers in translational neurodegenerative studies, categorizing them into diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and pharmacodynamic classes. The overview synthesizes proof from molecular, imaging, and virtual biomarker research, highlighting each their promise and the significant demanding situations that stay of their medical integration. Methodological strategies for biomarker discovery and validation are discussed, along the moral, technical, and regulatory issues that form their deployment. Future instructions are proposed, such as the mixing of multi-omics technology, synthetic intelligence-pushed analytics, and minimally invasive detection structures, which keep the capability to convert the panorama of neurodegenerative ailment control. By consolidating contemporary information and figuring out gaps, this take a look at underscores the vital for interdisciplinary collaboration to boost biomarker-pushed precision medicinal drug in neurodegeneration.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomarkers
  topic: keywords
subject: Translational Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurodegenerative Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Alzheimer’s Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Parkinson’s Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Huntington’s Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Diagnostic Tools
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Trials
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision Medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Muhammad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Muhammad Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 33
ending page: 47
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.1.2025.610

The Application of Robotics in Minimally Invasive Surgery
type: item
description: The integration of robotics into minimally invasive surgical procedure (MIS) has marked a massive evolution in surgical practice, remodeling the manner operations are carried out throughout more than one specialties. This studies article examines the ancient improvement, technological foundations, medical applications, schooling protocols, value implications, and moral issues related to robot-assisted surgical treatment. With the emergence of structures just like the da Vinci Surgical System, surgical precision, visualization, and ergonomics have advanced dramatically. However, the adoption of robot surgical treatment additionally gives challenges, along with excessive costs, education demands, and moral debates round accessibility and automation. Through a complete overview of literature, scientific outcomes, and professional commentary, this text gives an in-intensity exploration of ways robotics is reshaping surgical care. The findings recommend that at the same time as robot surgical operation holds vast capacity for advancing affected person care, equitable access, value-efficiency, and worldwide deployment stay urgent concerns. Future instructions factor in the direction of the improvement of next-technology structures with improved AI integration, haptic feedback, and improved accessibility worldwide.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: robot surgical operation
  topic: keywords
subject: minimally invasive surgical treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: da Vinci system
  topic: keywords
subject: surgical robotics
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical technology
  topic: keywords
subject: robot-assisted surgical procedure
  topic: keywords
subject: MIS
  topic: keywords
subject: medical outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: surgical schooling
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ayesha Jamil
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Ayesha Jamil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 49
ending page: 70
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.1.2025.611

Gene Therapy in Rare Diseases: Clinical and Translational Perspectives
type: item
description: Gene remedy has emerged as a transformative biomedical innovation with the capability to accurate or update faulty genes accountable for uncommon, life-threatening issues. Rare illnesses, described as the ones affecting fewer than 200,000 people withinside the United States or fewer than 1 in 2,000 withinside the European Union, together effect tens of thousands and thousands international regardless of their man or woman rarity. Over the beyond 3 decades, widespread advances in molecular biology, vector engineering, and genome modifying technology have propelled gene remedy from a theoretical idea to a clinically feasible remedy modality. This article gives an in-intensity exploration of gene remedy packages in uncommon illnesses, emphasizing each scientific effects and translational studies views. The overview synthesizes cutting-edge literature on vector platforms, transport mechanisms, and sickness-precise interventions, with a focal point on issues which includes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Leber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and hemophilia. Methodological techniques for medical and translational studies are discussed, along outcomes from latest trials that show upgrades in affected person survival, practical consequences, and first-class of life. Furthermore, the item examines current demanding situations—which include immune responses, production scalability, regulatory hurdles, and fee barriers—at the same time as offering strategic destiny instructions to beautify healing accessibility and sustainability. Through a complete synthesis of proof, this take a look at underscores the ability of gene remedy to redefine the healing panorama for uncommon sicknesses at the same time as highlighting the crucial want for persisted multidisciplinary collaboration.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gene remedy
  topic: keywords
subject: genome enhancing
  topic: keywords
subject: medical trials
  topic: keywords
subject: SMA
  topic: keywords
subject: translational medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: uncommon illnesses
  topic: keywords
subject: viral vectors
  topic: keywords
subject: hemophilia
  topic: keywords
subject: CRISPR-Cas9
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sofia Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Sofia Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 17
ending page: 32
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.1.2025.609

Precision Medicine in Translational Health: Bridging Genomics and Clinical Practice
type: item
description: ABSTRACT Precision medication has emerged as a transformative paradigm in medical and translational health, leveraging genomics, molecular diagnostics, and superior computational equipment to supply personalised interventions. This studies explores the intersection of genomics and medical application, emphasizing how translational frameworks bridge laboratory discoveries with affected person care. A mixed-strategies method became employed, combining systematic literature review, professional interviews, and secondary medical trial records evaluation to study the efficacy, implementation challenges, and moral concerns of precision medicinal drug. Results spotlight the important position of biomarker identification, bioinformatics infrastructure, and interdisciplinary collaboration in improving affected person outcomes. However, sizeable adoption faces barriers, inclusive of records standardization, integration into present healthcare systems, and equitable access. This observe contributes to the developing frame of information with the aid of using offering a sensible translational version that quickens the scientific integration of genomics-primarily based totally precision remedy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Precision medication
  topic: keywords
subject: translational health
  topic: keywords
subject: genomics
  topic: keywords
subject: biomarkers
  topic: keywords
subject: bioinformatics
  topic: keywords
subject: customized healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: medical implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare equity
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ali Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Ali Hassan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.63056/airj.1.1.2025.608