Transforming Education through Skill-Based and STEAM-Oriented Pedagogies: A Review

Abstract

In this review, the impacts of Skill-Based Education (SBE) and STEAM-oriented education on today's education to an innovation-oriented world economy are discussed. Based on the recent literature, policy documents, and case studies in the region, the paper puts forth how these models focus on interdisciplinary, experiential, and student-focused approaches to learning. SBE attempts to bridge the gap in teaching at school and working at the workplace, and STEAM incorporates Art into the already existing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics combination with the idea of enhancing innovativeness and critical thinking. It has been seen that although these methods enhance the engagement of different learners, teamwork and finding solutions to problems, they are hindered by the outdated curricula, lack of proper teacher training and resources; predominantly in Pakistan and other South Asian nations. The review also emphasizes that reform can only work through teacher professional development, equitable resource distribution, and the use of new technologies. Looking at different models regionally, notably India’s National Education Policy 2020, shows how effective policy integration and collaboration across sectors can improve outcomes. In sum, the paper argues that the challenges of the 21st century necessities transformative SBE and STEAM education, which demands ongoing innovation in curriculum and pedagogy, educator training, and policies that include all learners.