Prevalence and Side Effects of Caffeinated Drinks Intake, Sleep Biological Rhythms and Increase BMI among Medical Students

Abstract

This research investigates prevalence and side effects of caffeinated drinks intake, sleep biological rhythms and increase BMI among medical students in Karachi. The primary objective was to assess the prevalence of caffeinated drinks intake among undergraduate medical students on weekly and daily basis. Secondary objectives were to determine the associated potential side effects, the way excessive consumption influences the sleep patterns and BMI. Thirdly objective were to determine the relationship between demographic variables and caffeinated drink intake, assess mean differences in Sleep schedule and BMI between students’ groups and, report the predictors of caffeinated drinks consumption. A cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months (February – July 2024) among currently enrolled undergraduate medical students studying in medical colleges and universities in Karachi, Pakistan. The study used the self-reported questionnaire that included four sections: Sec (1). Demographic characteristics; Sec (2). Caffeinated drinks consumption; Sec (3). Side effects of caffeinated drink intake; Sec (4). Body Mass Index (BMI) and collected data through Convenient sampling. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 23.0. Pearson Correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between caffeinated drink consumption, Potential side effects and impact on sleep biological rhythms and altered BMI. This study examines the demographics, consumption patterns, and impacts of caffeinated drink intake among 309 students aged 20-25 from medical and non-medical fields. The sample included 66.9% females and 33.1% males, with 68.5% from medical fields. Regular caffeine consumption was reported by 98% of participants, primarily for taste (24.4%), staying awake (56.2%), and social reasons (33.1%). Common side effects included insomnia (66.9%), nervousness (33.1%), and palpitations (24.4%). Sleep patterns showed 66.9% maintained a regular schedule, but caffeine significantly disrupted sleep. BMI analysis revealed a mean of 22.45 kg/m² (SD=6.07), with significant correlations between caffeine intake and BMI changes (12.3%). Awareness of caffeine’s impact on weight was reported by 50.3%, with 16.6% seeking medical advice. Significant associations were found between awareness of side effects and impacts on BMI (p=0.006), medical advice (p=0.004), and sleep (p=0.000). Caffeinated drink consumption is prevalent among medical and non-medical students, primarily driven by academic pressures and social habits. While providing temporary cognitive benefits, it is associated with several side effects, including sleep disturbances and increased BMI. This study underscores the importance of promoting health education and informed consumption practices to safeguard students' health and well-being.