Socioeconomic Determinants of Wheat Production in Southern Punjab, Pakistan: An Analysis

Abstract

This study analyzes the socioeconomic determinants of wheat production in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The structured questionnaire was designed to collect data from 400 farmers who were purposely selected in four districts of Multan Division including Multan, Khanewal, Lodhran and Vehari. For data analysis, different econometric techniques like Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, correlation, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis is used. These rigorous methodologies ensured that the study was able to capture the general trends and also the differences in productivity of wheat. The study found that education of the farmer, availability of credit, land ownership, wheat seed quality, fertilizer and pesticides quality are the encouraging factors of wheat production in Southern Punjab. On the other hand, incidence of disease is found to be the negative determinant of wheat production in Southern Punjab. These findings carry important implications for agricultural policy. Enhancing the quality and availability of inputs especially seeds and fertilizers should be a top priority. Expanding rural education and credit access can further support farmers’ ability to make informed decisions and invest in productive technologies. Meanwhile, addressing plant disease through preventive and curative measures can substantially protect and improve yields. Ultimately, a multifaceted approach that addresses both the socioeconomic constraints and technical needs of farmers is essential to drive sustainable growth in wheat production.