Harnessing Block chain and Green Structural Capital for Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from Digitally Enabled CPEC Supply Chains

Muhammad Inam Makki  Khan; Mehvish Hassan Naqvi  Syeda; Mohamed Gamiyeh  Farah; Dr. Rahaman  Hasan

doi:10.63056/

Authors

Muhammad Inam Makki Khan School of Economics and Management, Chang’An University, Xi’an 710064, China. Author
Mehvish Hassan Naqvi Syeda School of Business, Law and Policing. Canterbury Christ Church University, England, Uk. Author
Mohamed Gamiyeh Farah School of Economics and Management, Chang’An University, Xi’an 710064, China. Author
Dr. Rahaman Hasan Christ Church School of Business Law and Policing Canterbury Christ Church University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63056/

Keywords:

Green Structural Capital (GSC), Block chain Technology (BT), Sustainable Environmental Performance (SEP), Digital Supply Chain Performance (DSCP), Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) Framework, CPEC Supply Chains, Technological Innovation, Digital Transformation, Mediation, Moderation, Sustainability, Pakistan

Abstract

This study investigates how green structural capital (GSC) and block chain technology (BT) contribute to sustainable environmental performance (SEP) within the context of CPEC supply chains, while considering the moderating role of digital supply chain performance (DSCP). Grounded in the technology organization environment (TOE) framework, the research employs a two-wave, time-lagged survey design across four major Pakistani cities. Using structural equation modeling, results reveal that GSC significantly enhances SEP, with BT serving as a key mediating mechanism. Furthermore, DSCP strengthens the positive effect of BT on SEP, indicating a complementary relationship between digital infrastructure and technological innovation. These findings offer theoretical advancement by integrating organizational and technological drivers of sustainability, and practical guidance for firms and policymakers seeking to align environmental objectives with digital transformation. The study underscores the importance of embedding green capabilities and block chain within digitally mature supply chains for long-term sustainable growth.