The Use of Forensic Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Assessing Reliability and the Need for Reform

Abstract

Forensic evidence has become indispensable in modern criminal proceedings, offering scientific methods to establish guilt or innocence. Its significance lies in enhancing the accuracy of fact-finding, strengthening prosecutorial strategies, and providing courts with reliable bases for judgment. However, concerns regarding its reliability, misuse, and susceptibility to human error and systemic deficiencies have led to wrongful convictions and miscarriages of justice. This paper critically examines the reliability of forensic evidence in criminal trials, with a particular focus on Pakistan’s criminal justice system, while drawing comparative insights from other jurisdictions. It argues that although forensic evidence plays a pivotal role, reforms are urgently needed to ensure its consistent, transparent, and scientifically valid application.