From Trade Routes to Conflict Zones: The Geopolitical and Economic Stakes of the Suez Canal and the Red Sea

Abstract

Key maritime chokepoints that influence international trade and power dynamics include the Red Sea and the Suez Canal. The Red Sea links the Gulf's energy resources to international markets, while the Suez Canal has been a conduit for the movement of manufactured products, natural gas, and oil between Europe and Asia since 1869. However, these rivers are disputed geopolitical areas in addition to being important economic routes. Their susceptibility to regional wars and great power competition is demonstrated by recent interruptions, such as Houthi attacks on ships. This research uses realism to investigate how governments and non-state entities vie for control over these vital routes, drawing on document analysis as a qualitative technique. The study shows that the international order is still defined by the traditional dynamics of rivalry by arguing that control of the Red Sea and Suez Canal reflects larger conflicts for security and power.