Climate Change News Reporting in Pakistan: Factors Influencing Limited Climate Change News Reporting in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Abstract

Climate change is a pressing global challenge that demands urgent attention, particularly in vulnerable regions like Pakistan, which ranks among the top ten most affected countries. This qualitative study investigates the factors behind limited climate change news coverage in Pakistan, with a focus on the Swat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It examines both the valley’s climate-related impacts over the past two decades and the media’s role in reporting these issues during periods without major disasters. To identify the root causes of under-reporting, ten journalists—each with at least five years of experience and a history of climate-related reporting—were purposively selected. In-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted in their offices and at the Swat Press Club. Guided by Agenda-Setting Theory, the study finds that climate change coverage is consistently marginalized in editorial priorities and policies. Thematic analysis revealed several barriers, including limited expertise, lack of professional training, inadequate salaries and facilities, political pressures, weak government policies, and a sensationalist media culture. Moreover, low public awareness and the absence of climate change in editorial agendas further reinforce the neglect. The study concludes that robust state-level policies, specialized training for journalists, and the appointment of local reporters are essential to improving the depth, quality, and consistency of climate change reporting in Pakistan.