بنو عباس کے عہدِ خلافت میں سندھ و ملتان: حکمرانی اور اصلاحات

Abstract

The Abbasid Caliphate represents a significant political and administrative era in Islamic history, during which various reforms were introduced to strengthen governance and maintain state authority in its eastern territories, particularly Sindh and Multan. Despite facing numerous internal and external challenges, the Abbasid administration paid special attention to these regions due to their strategic political, administrative, and economic importance. This study provides a historical and analytical examination of the governance system in Sindh and Multan during the Abbasid period, focusing on the appointment of governors, financial and administrative reforms, defense strategies, relations with local rulers, and the resulting political and social impacts. The findings indicate that Abbasid reforms played a crucial role in strengthening Islamic governance, promoting trade, restoring peace and order, and reinforcing administrative structures in these regions. However, in later periods, increasing local autonomy emerged due to the gradual weakening of central authority. This research contributes to a deeper historical understanding of Abbasid administrative policies in the Indian subcontinent.