Socio-Economic Impact of the Pak-Afghan Border Disputes on the Pashtun Communities

Abstract

The Pak-Afghan border, or Durand Line, has historically divided Pashtun communities, creating socio-economic and cultural challenges exacerbated by security tensions and military operations. This study examines the socio-economic impact of border disputes on Pashtun populations residing on both sides of the frontier, focusing on trade disruption, employment constraints, access to education and healthcare, and community cohesion. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates structured surveys of 150 households with semi-structured interviews of 30 key informants, including community leaders, educators, and health practitioners. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative responses were thematically coded to capture community perspectives. Findings indicate that border closures, restricted mobility, and periodic military operations significantly disrupt livelihoods, impede education and healthcare access, and strain social networks. Despite these challenges, local communities adopt adaptive strategies, including informal trade networks, communal support systems, and grassroots educational and health initiatives. The study underscores the importance of policy measures that balance security concerns with the socio-economic well-being of border populations, offering insights for development programs, cross-border cooperation, and regional stability.