Comparative Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Task-Oriented Training on Functional Recovery in Post-Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Randomized Trial

Abstract

Background: Stroke remains a leading cause of adult disability, often resulting in impaired balance, mobility, and reduced quality of life. Early rehabilitation interventions such as Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Task-Oriented Training (TOT) have been widely used, yet their comparative effectiveness and recovery trajectory over time remain inadequately explored. Objective: To compare the effects of PNF and TOT on balance, gait, and quality of life in post-stroke patients and assess the functional recovery trajectory across an 8-week intervention period. Methods: A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 60 post-stroke patients within three months of onset. Participants were randomly allocated to Group A (PNF-based trunk and pelvic stabilization) or Group B (task-oriented functional training). Interventions were delivered 5 days per week for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Secondary outcomes were the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Assessments were conducted at baseline, week 2, 4, 6, and 8. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t-tests. Results: Both groups showed significant within-group improvements (p < 0.001); however, Group A (PNF) exhibited significantly greater improvements in BBS, TUG, SIS, and ABC scores at weeks 4, 6, and 8 (p < 0.01). The PNF group also demonstrated a steeper recovery trajectory, particularly between weeks 2 and 6. Conclusion: PNF focusing on proximal control is more effective than TOT in improving balance, mobility, and perceived recovery in the early post-stroke period. These findings highlight the importance of early, trunk-focused neuromotor interventions in stroke rehabilitation.