Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and Sustainable Management Strategies

Abstract

Climate change is increasingly affecting water resources by altering rainfall patterns, increasing evaporation, and intensifying droughts and floods. This study examines the impacts of climate change on water resources and evaluates sustainable management strategies that can improve resilience and long-term water security. A qualitative, literature-based approach was used to review peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and institutional publications related to water availability, groundwater stress, water-related disasters, and adaptation planning. The findings show that climate change affects rivers, lakes, dams, and groundwater, reducing water availability for domestic use, irrigation, hydropower, and ecosystems. The review also identifies key adaptation measures such as integrated water resources management, demand management, irrigation efficiency, alternative water sources, reservoir reoperation, and managed aquifer recharge. The study concludes that sustainable water management requires a combination of technical, institutional, and policy-based responses to reduce climate vulnerability and support future water security.