Relationship between Body Mass Index and Dynamic Flexibility in Adolescent Sports and Non-Sports Participants

Abstract

Flexibility is essential for efficient movement, athletic performance, and injury prevention. Body Mass Index (BMI) can significantly influence flexibility, particularly dynamic flexibility, which involves movement-based stretching and mobility. Although considerable research has explored the relationship between BMI and static flexibility, limited studies have examined its effects on dynamic flexibility among adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between BMI and dynamic flexibility among adolescent male sports and non-sports participants in Hyderabad District. A comparative cross-sectional design was employed, involving 300 participants (150 sports and 150 non-sports) selected through stratified random sampling. Anthropometric measurements were taken following ISAK protocols, while flexibility was assessed using the Sit and Reach Test, Shoulder Hyperextension Test, Trunk Hyperextension Test, and Bend, Twist, and Touch Test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, applying Pearson correlation, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed a strong negative correlation between BMI and flexibility (r = -0.903, p < 0.001), indicating that higher BMI is associated with lower levels of dynamic flexibility. Sports participants demonstrated significantly higher flexibility scores (M = 34.2, SD = 5.6) compared to non-sports participants (M = 28.4, SD = 6.2), with a statistically significant difference (t = 8.937, p < 0.001). Furthermore, one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences in flexibility across BMI categories, while multiple regression analysis identified BMI, weekly training hours, and muscle mass percentage as significant predictors of flexibility. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the importance of BMI monitoring and targeted flexibility training in adolescent fitness programs. These results provide useful implications for athletes, coaches, and policymakers in improving movement efficiency and reducing injury risk. Future research is recommended to explore long-term interventions aimed at enhancing flexibility among individuals with higher BMI levels.