Assessing the Impact of Nature-Based Outdoor Activities on the WHO-5 Well-Being Index

Abstract

This study examines the association between nature-based outdoor activities and subjective well-being among adventure tourists in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Drawing on environmental psychology and public health literature, the research evaluates psychological outcomes of trekking, hiking, and camping using the World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index. Data collected from 59 participants indicate a high overall well-being score, exceeding international clinical thresholds for depression screening. Demographic analysis reveals variations by age, gender, and education level, highlighting structural and sociocultural influences on access to restorative environments. The findings support the integration of structured outdoor activity into population-level mental health strategies, particularly within low- and middle-income country contexts.