A Qualitative Approach to Phenomenological Study. Focus on Task-oriented and People-Oriented Relationships in the Behavioral Approach of Leadership

Abstract

Leadership behaviour plays a pivotal role in shaping organisational outcomes, particularly in balancing the demands of productivity and human relationships. While task-oriented leadership emphasises planning, monitoring, and achieving goals, people-oriented leadership prioritises communication, empathy, and team cohesion. This Qualitative phenomenological study seeks to explore the lived experiences of leaders who navigate between these two behavioural approaches in their professional contexts. 10 participants were selected, 5 from the education sector and 5 from the corporate sector. This selection was made with purposive sampling, which focuses on individuals having experience. Using semi-structured interviews with educational and organisational leaders, the study uncovers how task- and people-oriented behaviours are practised, perceived, and adapted in real-world scenarios. Thematic analysis revealed three dominant themes: (1) the challenge of balancing efficiency with empathy, (2) contextual factors influencing the dominant behavioural approach, and (3) evolving leadership identities that integrate both behaviours over time. The findings extend behavioural leadership theory by illustrating that effective leadership is not a rigid adherence to one approach but a dynamic, situational blending of both. This research contributes practical insights for leadership training and development, highlighting the importance of adaptability, reflective practice, and emotional intelligence in achieving sustainable leadership effectiveness.